DBQ- minorities in world war II Essay Example for Free

DBQ- minorities in world war II Essay The following question requires you to write a coherent essay incorporating your interpretation of the documents and your knowledge of the period specified in the question. To earn a high score you are required to cite key pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on your knowledge of the period. It is often claimed that the major American wars of the last 150 years have resulted in the most important social and political gains of minorities and women. Evaluate this statement with regard to the experience of minorities and women during World War II. Use evidence from the documents and your knowledge of the period from 1941 to 1945 to compose your answer. Brigadier General B. 0. Davis to General Peterson, 9 November 1943 (Brigadier Davis had just completed an inspection of military bases in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and Michigan): â€Å"I was deeply impressed with the high morale and attitudes of the colored officers and soldiers stationed in the states visited in the past two months. They were so different from those of the colored officers and soldiers located in the Southern states. While there has been an improvement in general conditions, there is still great dissatisfaction and discouragement on the part of the colored people and the soldiers. They feel that, regardless of how much they strive to meet War Department requirements, there is no change in the attitude of the War Department. The colored officers and soldiers feel that they are denied the protection and rewards that ordinarily result from good behavior and proper performance of duty†¦.. The Press news items and reports of investigations show that there has been little change in the attitudes of civilian communities in Southern states. The colored man in uniform receives nothing but hostility from community officials. The colored man in u niform is expected by the War  Department to develop a high morale in a community that offers him nothing but humiliation and mistreatment. Military training does not develop a spirit of cheerful acceptance of Jim-Crow laws and customs. The War Department has failed to secure to the colored soldier protection against violence on the part of civilian police and to secure justice in the courts in communities near-by to Southern stations. In the areas recently inspected, the colored soldier feels that he can secure justice in the civil courts. He has not been set upon by the civilian police. He has not been denied the privilege of occupying empty seats in public buses, street cars, etc. taxicabs to serve him. This is not so in Southern communities.† President Roosevelt, Executive Order 9066, February 25, 1942: Whereas the successful prosecution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense material, national-defense premises, and national defense utilities. I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War, and the Military Commanders whom he may from time to time designate, whenever he or any designated commander deems such action necessary or desirable, to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion.† Korematsu v. United States, 1944. Mr. Justice Murphy, dissenting: â€Å"This exclusion of `all persons of Japanese ancestry, both alien and non-alien, from the Pacific Coast area on a plea of military necessity in  the absence of martial law ought not to be approved. Such exclusion goes over `the very brink of constitutional power and falls into the ugly abyss of racism. Individuals must not be left impoverished of their constitutional rights on a plea of military necessity that has neither substance nor support. Being an obvious racial discrimination, the order deprives all those within its scope of the equal protection of the laws as guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment. It further deprives these individuals of their constitutional rights to live and work where they will, to establish a home where they choose and to move about freely. In excommunicating them without benefit of hearings, this order also deprives them of all their constitutional rights to procedural due process. Yet no reasonable relation to an `immediate, imminent, and impending public danger is evident to support this racial restriction which is one of the most sweeping and complete deprivations of constitutional rights in the history of this nation in the absence of martial law† Congressman Rankin, Mississippi, February 18, 1942: â€Å"I know the Hawaiian Islands. I know the Pacific coast where these Japanese reside. Even though they may be the third or fourth generation of Japanese, we cannot trust them. I know that those areas are teeming with Japanese spies and fifth columnists. Once a Jap always a Jap.You cannot change him. You cannot make a silk purse out of a sows ear. Do not forget that once a Japanese always a Japanese. I say it is of vital importance that we getrid of every Japanese whether in Hawaii or on the mainland. They violate every sacred promise, every canon of honor and decency. This was evidenced in their diplomacy and in their bombing of Hawaii. These Japs who had been there for generations were making signs, if you please, guiding the Japanese planes to the objects of their inequity in  order that they might destroy our naval vessels, murder our soldiers and sailors, and blow to pieces the helpless women and children of Hawaii. Damn them! Let us get rid of them now!† Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fireside Chat on the Home Front, October 12, 1942: â€Å"In order to keep stepping up our production, we have had to add millions of workers to the total labor force of the Nation. And as new factories come into operation, we must find additional millions of workers. This presents a formidable problem in the mobilization of manpower. It is not that we do not have enough people in this country to do the job. The problem is to have the right numbers of people in the right place at the right time. In some communities, employers dislike to employ women. In others they are reluctant to hire Negroes. In still others, older men are not wanted. We can no longer afford to indulge such prejudices or practices. Women are welders [sic] discuss the production of motor mounts and welded parts in a welding booth at the Inglewood, Calif., plant of North American Aviation, Inc. 1942. National Archives and Records Administration. President Roosevelt, Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941: WHEREAS it is the policy of the United States to encourage full participation in the national defense program by all citizens of the United States, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin, in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the Nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups within its borders; WHEREAS there is evidence that available and needed workers have been barred from employment in industries engaged in defense production solely because of considerations of race, creed, color, or national origin, to the detriment of workers morale and of national unity; NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes, and as a prerequisite to the successful conduct of our national defense production effort, I do hereby reaffirm the policy of the United States that there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin, and I do hereby declare that it is the duty of employers and of labor organizations, in furtherance of said policy and of this order, to provide for the full and equitable participation of all workers in defense industries, without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin;

Duffys Feelings in War Photographer and Stealing :: Carol Ann Duffy War Photographer Stealing Essays

Duffy's Feelings in War Photographer and Stealing Explain how Carol Ann Duffy conveys her feelings towards the subjects of the two poems War Photographer and Stealing. 'War Photographer' and 'Stealing' by Carol Ann Duffy are both poems about outsiders. She often uses dramatic monologues when writing poems, and 'Stealing' is an effective example. 'War Photographer' was written after Duffy had a conversation with a war photographer named Don McCullin. I believe that he must have inspired her to write this laudable poem. 'Stealing' too is based on a true event. When Duffy lived in Wimbledon her neighbours snowman was stolen. The setting of this poem is established on the first line; this being in a 'dark room' where 'he is finally alone'. Because the setting is away from the action of the war, it describes the results indirectly so that it is less graphic, whereas 'Stealing' explores the psychology of an anonymous outsider with anti-social behaviour and feelings. Like 'War Photographer', 'Stealing' is about someone who is isolated from society and shows evidence of being distressed. However, in this poem, the narrator is the character and he is angry and resentful. In both of the poems she uses the expressions and speech rhythms of an everyday conversation. 'Stealing' starts with a question, 'The most unusual thing I ever stole?', which I think, makes the poem more interesting and intriguing for the readers as well as making it more conversational. The question is then answered with 'A snowman'. This is quite a shocking and unusual thing to steal and I believe this will grab the reader's interest. By making the poem more conversational, it makes it more personal and gets us more intrigued and makes us think about the unusual question at the start of the poem. This is effective as it makes the poem feel more realistic to the readers and conveys her feelings to the poem in a more personal manner. Both of the poems are about anonymous people. In 'War Photographer' the main character is identified as a man. Duffy portrays this man as an outsider. She refers to him as a 'priest preparing to intone a mass'. 'All flesh is grass' is another effective example of religious imagery. I believe it means that there was so much death where he was photographing that the grass was covered in bodies. It is also linked to the Bible as it is said to mean 'walking on death'. The use of religion in this poem has a strong link to Duffy as she is said to be a Catholic. This makes the poem more personal as it shows that

Operations Management in Tesco Essay

Introduction In this assignment we will look at three aspects of operations management, which are Finance, human resource and information technology at an organisation. To understand the concepts better we have selected the case of Tesco Plc., UK. PART A: Managing Finance Financial management is a very important component of the operation management at a company. The role of the financial management at the company is to purposefully management the financial resources; present the performance of the organisation in financial terms. (Brigham E.F. and Ehrhardt M.C., 2010) The financial management has to acquire the required capital required for achievement of strategic and tactical objectives at a low cost. The financial management has to anticipate the financial result and maintain the financial balance as per the company’s needs. Information received by the Financial Management at Tesco The information that is of importance to the financial management of Tesco is * The investment cost of the funds on the capital market. * The  current rates of exchange that are prevalent in the market and short term interest’s rates that s prevalent in the monetary markets. * The financial management synthesises information that provides new investment opportunities available to the company. The financial management tries to make innovation in the financial field with the help of new financial instruments that are available in the market. Decisions taken by Financial Management of Tesco Plc. Based on the information, the financial management has to make critical decisions regarding finance of the company: * The financial management has to take decagons on the interest rates at which the company is willing to take loans. * It has to predict the future cash flow needs of the company. * The company has to make decision on the long term debt and short term loans while also making decision on the issue of shares and the option of self-financing. * The management has to make decision on the risk management technique to be adopted along with the financial impacts of the project that the company has undertaken on the financial health of the company. Role of Financial Institutions in Financial Decision Making Financial institutions are responsible for distributing financial resources to the users in planned manner. (Mondy R.W., 2009) There are different financial institutions in the market that specialise in collecting funds as well as lending it to different organisation to carry out their projects. The examples of financial institutions include banks, credit unions, asset management firms, building societies and stock brokerages. The financial institution can be categorised as * Deposit Taking Institutions * Finance and Insurance Institutions * Investment Institutions * Pensions providing institutions * Risk management institutions While there are government financial agencies who assigned to carry out the regulatory and supervisory function of different other institutions. The financial institutions have been integral in satisfying the financial and  management needs of different industries and this has also shaped the national economic scene. Deposit taking institution are mainly concerned with accepting deposits, providing commercial loans, real estate loans, mortgage loans and issuing share certificates. The finance companies provide loans, inventory financing and indirect consumer base, the companies gets funds form these institutions thorough the issue of bonds and other obligations. The insurance companies have become an integral part of a company’s financial obligations. The insurance companies also provide a different investment options and also provide loans for a number of purposes. The financial institutions such as stock, exchanges, commodity markets, futures, currency and options exchange are involved in creating and providing ownerships for financial claims. (Mondy R.W., 2009) These financial institution mange price change risks and maintain liquidity in the market. Through the various instruments the institutions provide investment opportunities and help businesses to generate funds for various purposes. The various investment banks are responsible for a number of financial activities such as underwriting securities, selling securities to investors, providing brokerage services and providing fund raising advice. Analysis of the Financial Statement of Tesco Plc. The financial statement is periodic documents that are published by companies to show the company’s financial performance. The information from financial statement is important for internal and external purposes. The financial statements are used by the employees and management for their own information about the company while the manager use tit to plan future activities and compare performances of departments in financial terms. The statements can also be sued to compare with other company’s statement to compare the performance on a macroeconomic level. A financial abatement mainly consists of four main components which are balance sheets, profit and loss account, cash flow statements and income statement. Each component has different function which can be lined out as: Balance Sheets: It provides the financial situation of the company as a whole. It records the tangible and intangible goods that the company owes or owns. The three categories in a balance sheet are assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity. The assets are basically categorised in to current assets, fixed assets and other  assets. The liabilities section of the balance sheet consists of current liabilities and long term liabilities. The shareholders equity represents the net worth of the company. In balance sheet, the shareholder’s equity is calculated as the sum of liabilities and net worth. Profit and Loss Account: it summarizes the incomes and expenses of a company in a given period of time. This includes accruals which are incomes that will be realised only after the particular profit and account was prepared. Cash Flow Statements: These statements are very important to predict the future flow of finance in the company. The cash flow statement is concerned with understanding if there is enough money for all the activities and expenses of the company and stands as a good measure for a company’s liquidity. Income Statement: The income statements are used to measure the company’s sales and expenses over a specific period of time. They are prepared at the end of each financial year and shows the results of the operation of the company I the given time. The financial health of the company will also be analysed using Ratio Analysis, The Analysis of Financial Performance of Tesco Financial statement analysis is concerned with identify the strengths and weaknesses of the company’s finances and establish the relationship between the different financial statements. Tools and Techniques: There are various tools and techniques that have been identified to conduct financial analysis. The tools and techniques are categorised in to (Brigham E.F. and Ehrhardt M.C., 2010) * Horizontal and Vertical Analysis: The horizontal analysis is the comparison of two or more financial data. It represents the changes between years in both monetary and percentage form. While Vertical analysis is concerned with the preparing ad presenting common sized statements. * Ratios Analysis: The ratio analysis is considered to be the most powerful toll for analysing the financial health of the company, ratio simply means one number expressed in terms of the other. There are many forms of ratio analysis satisfying different functions which are profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, activity ratios, long term solvency ratios and leverage ratios. Table 1) Financial Ratio of Tesco Plc. Ratio/ Year| 2009| 2010| 2011| Gross Profit Margin| 7.6%| 7.8%| 8%| Operating Profit Margin| 5.91%| 5.88%| 6.07%| Return on Assets| 7.06| 4.69| 5.08| | | | | Return on Capital Employed| 7.06| 4.68| 5.07| Current Ratio|

Giving Directions in Chinese

Some of the most important vocabulary to prepare before going to a Mandarin-speaking country is phrases and words for asking directions. Especially when traveling through a Mandarin-speaking country, you will need to be able to ask for and understand directions. Here is a quick crash-course in understanding directions in Chinese including a vocabulary list and sample practice dialogues. This Mandarin Chinese lesson comes complete with audio files to help you with your pronunciation.  Audio files are marked with ââ€" º Turn è ½â€° (traditional form) / è ½ ¬ (simplified form) ââ€" º zhuÇŽn: turnÃ¥ ¾â‚¬ ââ€" ºwà ¡ng:  toward Right / Left / Straight Ã¥  ³Ã‚  Ã¢â€" ºyà ²u: rightÃ¥ · ¦ ââ€" ºzuÇ’: leftÃ¥ ¾â‚¬Ã¥  ³Ã¨ ½â€° / Ã¥ ¾â‚¬Ã¥  ³Ã¨ ½ ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€" ºwà ¡ng yà ²u zhuà  n: turn rightÃ¥ ¾â‚¬Ã¥ · ¦Ã¨ ½â€° / Ã¥ ¾â‚¬Ã¥ · ¦Ã‚  Ã¨ ½ ¬ ââ€" ºwà ¡ng zuÇ’ zhuà  n: turn left ä ¸â‚¬Ã§â€º ´ ââ€" ºyÄ « zhà ­: straight aheadç› ´ ââ€" ºzhà ­: continuouslyä ¸â‚¬Ã§â€º ´Ã¨ µ ° ââ€" ºyÄ « zhà ­ zÇ’u: go straight aheadç› ´Ã¨ µ ° ââ€" ºzhà ­ zÇ’u: go straight ahead Status åˆ ° ââ€" ºdà  o: go to / reachedÃ¥ ¿ «Ã¥Ë† °Ã¤ ºâ€  ââ€" ºkuà  i dà  o le: almost arrivedÃ¥ Å" ââ€" ºtà ­ng: stopåˆ °Ã¤ ºâ€  ââ€" ºdà  o le: have arrivedÃ¥ ¥ ½ ââ€" ºhÇŽo: okayÃ¥ ¥ ½Ã§Å¡â€ž ââ€" ºhÇŽo de: okay Landmarks ç ´â€¦Ã§ ¶  Ã§â€¡Ë† / ç º ¢Ã§ » ¿Ã§  ¯ ââ€" ºhà ³ng lÇÅ" dÄ“ng: traffic lightè · ¯Ã¥  £ ââ€" ºlà ¹ kÇ’u: intersectionå… ¬Ã¥Å"’ / å… ¬Ã¥â€º ­ ââ€" ºgÃ… ng yuà ¡n: public parkç  «Ã¨ »Å Ã§ «â„¢ / ç  «Ã¨ ½ ¦Ã§ «â„¢Ã‚  Ã¢â€" ºhuÇ’ chÄ“ zhà  n: train stationè »Å Ã§ «â„¢ / è ½ ¦Ã§ «â„¢ ââ€" ºchÄ“ zhà  n: bus stationæâ€"…é ¤ ¨ ââ€" ºlÇš guÇŽn: hotel Example Dialogue 1 è «â€¹Ã¥â€¢ Ã¤ ½  Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ§  «Ã¨ »Å Ã§ «â„¢Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥â€œ ªÃ¥â€¦â€™(traditional form)è ¯ ·Ã©â€" ®Ã¤ ½  Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ§  «Ã¨ ½ ¦Ã§ «â„¢Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥â€œ ªÃ¥â€ž ¿(simplified form)QÇ ng wà ¨n, nÇ  zhÄ « dà  o huÇ’ chÄ“ zhà  n  zà  i nÇŽer?Excuse me, do you know where the train station is? çŸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§â€º ´Ã¨ µ °Ã¥Ë† °Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¨ · ¯Ã¥  £Ã¥ ¾â‚¬Ã¥  ³Ã¨ ½â€°Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§â€º ´Ã¨ µ °Ã§ ¶â€œÃ© Å½Ã¥â€¦ ¬Ã¥Å"’ç„ ¶Ã¥ ¾Å'Ã¥ ¾â‚¬Ã¥ · ¦Ã¨ ½â€°Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§  «Ã¨ »Å Ã§ «â„¢Ã¥ ° ±Ã¥Å" ¨Ã©â€š £Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§â€º ´Ã¨ µ °Ã¥Ë† °Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¨ · ¯Ã¥  £Ã¥ ¾â‚¬Ã¥  ³Ã¨ ½ ¬Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§â€º ´Ã¨ µ °Ã§ » Ã¨ ¿â€¡Ã¥â€¦ ¬Ã¥â€º ­Ã§â€ž ¶Ã¥ Å½Ã¥ ¾â‚¬Ã¥ · ¦Ã¨ ½ ¬Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§  «Ã¨ ½ ¦Ã§ «â„¢Ã¥ ° ±Ã¥Å" ¨Ã©â€š £Ã£â‚¬â€šZhÄ « dà  o. YÄ « zhà ­ zÇ’u, dà  o le là ¹ kÇ’u wÇŽng yà ²u zhuÇŽn. Zhà ­ zÇ’u jÄ «ng guà ² gÃ… ng yuà ¡n, rà ¡n hà ²u wÇŽng zuÇ’ zhuÇŽn. HuÇ’ chÄ“ zhà  n jià ¹ zà  i nà  .I know. Go straight and turn right at the junction. Go straight through the park and turn left. The train station is right there. Example Dialogue 2 我å · ²Ã§ ¶â€œÃ¥Å" ¨Ã¦â€"…é ¤ ¨Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ½  Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥â€œ ªÃ¨ £ ¡Ã¥â€¢Å Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ · ²Ã§ » Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¦â€"…é ¦â€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ½  Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥â€œ ªÃ©â€¡Å'å•ŠWÇ’ yÇ  jÄ «ng zà  i lÇš guÇŽn. NÇ  zà  i nÇŽ lÇ  a?Im already at the hotel. Where are you? 我åÅ" ¨Ã§ ´â€¦Ã§ ¶  Ã§â€¡Ë†Ã¥ Å"ä ºâ€ Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¤ ¹â€¦Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥Ë† °Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥Å" ¨Ã§ º ¢Ã§ » ¿Ã§  ¯Ã¥ Å"ä ºâ€ Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¤ ¹â€¦Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥Ë† °Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€šWÇ’ zà  i hà ³ng lÇÅ" dÄ“ng tà ­ng le hÄ›n jiÇ”, kuà  i yà  o dà  o le.I have been waiting for the traffic light for a long time, almost there. Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£â‚¬â€šHÇŽo.Okay.